In the blood, PAI-1 circulates in two distinct pools, free in plasma or retained in platelets [10]. Even though plasma PAI-1 circulates at relatively low levels. Keywords. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, keap1, antioxidant response element, oxidative stress, free radicals. Oxidative stress (OS) plays. This leads to the activation of vesicular release of ATP through connexin in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and the induction of apoptosis.
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